Pulse pressure is the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure. For example, 120/80 mmHg produces a pulse pressure of 40 mmHg. Pulse pressure often widens with age as large arteries become stiffer. In older adults, a persistently wide pulse pressure may indicate increased arterial stiffness and cardiovascular risk, including stroke risk. It should be interpreted together with age, systolic and diastolic pressures, medical conditions, and overall cardiovascular

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are biologically active compounds formed through non-enzymatic reactions between sugars and proteins, lipids, or nucleic acids. While AGE accumulation is a normal feature of aging, modern dietary patterns, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and chronic hyperglycemia markedly accelerate their formation. Increasing evidence identifies AGEs as a central and under-recognized contributor to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) an